Electric Roads

Here is a good article explaining the concept.

There are three different types of implementation:

Overhead wires
Electric rail in the road
Induction

There are some real advantages:

Electricity can go directly to the motor which is more efficient that charging batteries.
Assuming that relatively short stretches are covered on unelectrified roads, smaller batteries are sufficient.

The disadvantage of this system is that entire roads need to be upgraded, as opposed to having some sort of replenishment station every so often. That is why electric roads have not taken off.

Here is an article on the Swedish government not proceeding from pilot to roll-out.